The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act (FRA), 2006 is a seminal legislation. The preamble to the act itself states that it aims to ‘undo the historical injustice’ to forest dwelling communities who were cultivating their land for generations but were deemed encroachers as their rights were not recorded.
This legislation recognizes, vests and provides for recording of rights of forest dwellers for self cultivation upto four hectares, enabling security of tenure and livelihood to vulnerable communities. In addition, it confers on the communities the right to protect, regenerate and manage forest resources and provides for safeguards against arbitrary displacement.
The biggest challenge before tribal communities and youth in particular is to negotiate between tradition and modernity. The exponential growth in communication facilities, urbanization, education and exposure has led to a rise in aspirations among tribal communities which may not be in consonance with their traditional way of the life. The real challenge for policy makers and the communities is to ensure improved access to health, education and development opportunities while preserving their unique heritage. ‘One size fits All’ approach in policy making will not work as some work areas do require contextualized programmes and policies.
Education is the key instrument for socio-economic progress. Centre has already enacted the Right ot Education Act. The Union tribal affairs ministry provides funds for this, so access to education is no longer an issue even in remote areas. Nut improvement of quality of education requires sustainable efforts.
Flora and Fauna are not antithetical. Forests have been preserved best where tribal communities reside. FRA has been enacted on this premise and recognizes that forest dwelling communities are integral to the sustainability of the forest eco-system. Community participation in forest resource management has a salutary impact not only on enhancing household incomes but also a step towards participatory and transparent management of minor forest produce.
Climate change and its mitigation is an issue that requires serious reflection at global level. To pitch tribal communities and their modest human rights to livelihood and habitat against this global challenge is unfair. The carbon footprints of an average tribal household are negligible in relation to rich urban households.
Matter referenced:
Times of India, Ahmedabad, Friday, 9th August, 2019.
By: Dr. Bhawana Asnani.
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